齊墩果酸/土當歸酸/齊墩果醇酸/丁香油素/石竹素/齊墩果酸二水合物/齊敦果酸/齊墩果酸水合物/奇墩果酸/(4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,12bR,14bS)-10-羥基-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-七甲基-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-二十碳六烯-4a-羧酸/齊墩果酸-3-O-β-D葡萄糖( 1→3)-α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷

Rat interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was obtained from Multi Science Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Reference standards of ferulic acid, atractylodin, tanshinone, astragaloside, hyperoside, loganin, gallic acid, morroniside, allantoin, oleanic acid, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, paeoniflorin, vaccarin, pyrrolidinium, leonurine, and catalpol were obtained from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Sichuan, China).

Procyanidin B3, vicenin2, astilbin, kaempferol-3-sophoroside-7-rhamnoside, isoquercitrin, isochlorogenic acid A, rutin, cynaroside, hyperoside, genistein, kaempfeol-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin, kaempferol, catechin, (-)-epicatechin, luteolin, vitexin, oleanolic acid, and isookanin-7-O-glucoside (the purities of all standards were higher than 99 % by HPLC analysis) were purchased from Weikeqi-biotech Co., ltd. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 and 3-[4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Rat insulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was obtained from Multi Science Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Reference standards of paeoniflorin, baicalin, saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, emodin, synephrine, succinic acid, 6-gingerol and oleanolic acid were obtained from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Sichuan, China).

Forsythoside A, forsythoside B, forsythoside E, phillyrin, rutin, ursolic acid, quercetin, astragalin, oleanolic acid, chlorogenic acid, betulinic acid, isoquercetin were purchased from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co.,Ltd. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). Phillygenin and forsythoside I were purchased from Shanghai Winherb Medical Technology Co.,Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Pinoresinol and (+)-pinoresinol-4-O-β-d-glucoside were purchased from Shanghai Tauto Biotech Co.,Ltd.

Reference compounds, comprising specnuezhenide, oleuropein, nuezhenidic acid, ligustroflavone, G13, oleoside 11-methyl ester, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, salidroside, acteoside, protocatechuic acid, galuteolin, apigenin, quercitrin, rutin, luteolin, quercetin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulin, emodinmonomethyl ether, 3β-O-acetylpomolic acid, oleonuezhenide, 6′-O-trans-cinnamoyl-8-epikingisidic acid, ligulucidumoside A, ligulucidumoside C, oleuropeinic acid, echinacoside, 3β-O-acetylpomolic acid, oleonuezhenide, 6′-O-trans-cinnamoyl-8-epikingisidic acid, ligulucidumoside A, ligulucidumoside C and geniposide (purity ≥98%), were provided by Yifang S&T Co. Ltd (Tianjin, China), the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and Sichuan Weikeqi Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd. Methanol and acetonitrile (chromatographic purity) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). The Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used to produce Ultrapure-water. All reagents were analytical grade.